Sometimes, nominal damages (a symbolic payment of $1) are awarded in vindication where no real loss can be demonstrated. Generally, punitive damages are awarded only when compensatory or actual damages have been sustained.
In the calculation of damages, many factors come into play, including economic loss, injury, and pain and suffering. Pain and suffering is a term big enough to include not only physical discomfort and bodily distress but also emotional trauma and mental anguish.
Within the term damages are categories, but the most common is called actual damages, which are "real, substantial and just."
In divorce actions, a lawyer is not permitted to graduate his fee based on the size of the property settlement. Success fees in divorce actions are considered unethical.
damages.
Monetary damages are not normally part of divorce actions, but marital torts, which are now more common, permit spouses to sue each other for damages.